Lithium and Alcohol

 

Low-Dose Lithium and Alcohol

A recent study found that daily doses of lithium, leading to plasma levels ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 mEq/liter, delay disease progression in human patients affected by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). There is no amount of alcohol that is entirely safe to drink while taking lithium. Since consuming alcohol can worsen symptoms of bipolar disorder, make sure to discuss questions about this interaction with your healthcare provider before drinking any amount of alcohol. 

Desirable serum lithium concentrations are 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L, which can usually be achieved with 900-1200 mg/day, although it may be increased to 2700 mg/day. In contrast to conventional medical dosage (900-2700 mg/day), low-dose lithium therapy is a small fraction, typically 5-15 mg/day. Ethanol induces a loss of neurons in the central nervous system. Recent in vivo and in vitro studies indicate that lithium is able to ameliorate ethanol-induced neuroapoptosis.

Lithium and Alcohol Side Effects

When alcohol and lithium mix, they may cause:

Lithium and Alcohol Hangover

In the early 20th century, small amounts of lithium were commonly added to carbonated water (e.g., soda or seltzer water) and promoted as a relief for alcoholic hangovers. Recent research shows that lithium is neuroprotective and may protect against the loss of neurons induced by ethanol. In addition, trace amounts of lithium found naturally in tap water be associated with a lower rate of suicide.

Lithium citrate was the medicinal ingredient of a refreshment beverage, 7 Up. Charles Leiper Grigg, who launched his St. Louis-based company The Howdy Corporation in 1920, invented a formula for a lemon-lime soft drink in 1929. The product, originally named “Bib-Label Lithiated Lemon-Lime Soda”, was launched two weeks before the Wall Street Crash of 1929. It contained lithium citrate and was one of several patent medicine products popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The beverage was marketed specifically as a hangover cure and was marketed as such with an early marketing slogan of “It takes the ouch out of grouch”. Its name was soon changed to 7 Up.

Can Lithium and Alcohol Kill You?

Everyone’s risks with alcohol are unique and depend on multiple factors, such as genetics and medical history. However, some people may be at higher risk when combining alcohol with lithium.

The following people have greater risks when drinking alcohol while taking lithium:

• People with AUD: As mentioned above, people with untreated alcohol use disorder (AUD) may experience more manic or depressive episodes and are at a higher risk for suicide.
• People with liver problems: Drinking alcohol can worsen liver disease. When you have liver problems or liver disease, it can cause your body to digest alcohol slower than someone without these issues. If alcohol hangs around in the body longer, it can make the sedative side effects of lithium more pronounced.
• People over 65 years old: Older adults are more sensitive to alcohol’s effects due to how the body changes as we age. This means people over 65 are more likely to feel sleepy or dizzy after drinking, making it riskier for them to combine alcohol and lithium.
• People assigned female at birth: Because they have less body water, people assigned female at birth can have higher blood alcohol levels when drinking than people assigned male at birth. This means more alcohol is present in the bloodstream to interact with lithium, potentially causing more side effects or making the medication less effective. Due to the lack of research, we are unsure how this risk specifically applies to transgender, intersex, or non-binary people.

Alcohol and Lithium Toxicity

What is Lithium Toxicity? You can develop lithium toxicity suddenly if you take too many tablets at once or combine lithium with certain other medicines.

If you are on a steady dose of lithium, you may get chronic lithium toxicity when your kidneys stop working properly.

Lithium toxicity can cause:

Lithium toxicity can cause death. Lithium is a medicine with a narrow range of safety, and toxicity can occur if you take only slightly more than the recommended dose.

Lithium for Bipolar and Alcohol

Bipolar patients have a high prevalence of comorbid alcohol use and abuse disorders, while chronic alcohol drinking may increase the presence and severity of specific symptoms of bipolar disorder. As such, many individuals may be prescribed lithium to alleviate the manic symptoms of bipolar disorder but also drink alcohol concurrently.

In addition, both alcoholics and individuals with bipolar disorder often exhibit disruptions to their sleep-wake cycles and other circadian rhythms. Interestingly, ethanol and lithium alter the period and the phase of free-running rhythms in mammals. While lithium is known to lengthen the period, ethanol seems to shorten and attenuate the responses to acute light pulses. 

However, lithium treatment does not seem to reduce alcohol intake in individuals who suffer from bipolar disorder. Lithium is no longer used to treat alcoholics, as safer pharmaceuticals, such as naltrexone, have been developed. Naltrexone treatment is useful for individuals with bipolar disorder and comorbid alcoholism, as it decreases alcohol drinking days, alcohol cravings, manic episodes, and depressive symptoms.

Co-Occurring Disorders (Bipolar and Alcoholism)

Bipolar disorder has approximately 33-50% comorbidity with substance abuse disorders, including alcoholism. Bipolar disorder and alcohol addiction are frequently seen together. According to some research, most people with bipolar disorder will experience an alcohol use disorder at some point in their lives. Nearly half of those who have bipolar disorder also struggle with an alcohol abuse issue of some kind.

Many people think that bipolar disorder refers to someone who, like a switch being flipped on, can experience happiness one second and sadness or hostility the next. This is not at all how bipolar disorder is. Intense feelings of joy or emptiness may mix with hopelessness or a sense of being lost. Although it may appear to be a never-ending struggle, there is much more to each person’s suffering.

Bipolar disorder patients may feel out of control or disconnected from their lives. When an episode begins, being unsure of what to do or how to feel makes turning to alcohol a highly tempting approach for easing these numbing symptoms. Alcohol eases tension, particularly in social situations. It may temporarily lessen the negative bipolar disorder symptoms, but it also increases the likelihood that the disease will eventually worsen.

Alcoholism Treatment

First and foremost, if you think a loved one is abusing Lithium and alcohol, you should research the substances and their associated addiction to understand better what your loved one needs.  Next, you must plan an intervention to provide your loved ones with options to battle the effects of Lithium and alcohol addiction in a safe and supportive environment. During this intervention, offer compassion and support instead of judgment. Lastly, show your support throughout the entire treatment process.

In addition, prolonged drug use can have severe physical and psychological effects on you, so it is essential to seek treatment as soon as possible. Inpatient drug rehab offers intensive care that can help you promptly get through the early stages of withdrawal. 

Alcohol Detox

Lithium and alcohol detox is the process of weaning someone off of a dependency on a substance. It allows members of rehab centers like We Level Up NJ to recover safely and comfortably. While an uncomfortable withdrawal from alcohol is unavoidable, it doesn’t have to be unbearable.

Medical detox is often considered the first stage of treatment. It will help you navigate the complicated Lithium and alcohol withdrawal but doesn’t address patterns of thought and behavior contributing to drug use. Various treatment approaches and settings can help provide the ongoing support necessary to maintain long-term sobriety after you complete the Lithium and alcohol detox.

Cravings are very common during Lithium and alcohol detox and can be challenging to overcome. This often leads to relapse. Constant medical care provided during inpatient treatment helps prevent relapse. Clinicians can give medication and medical expertise to lessen cravings and lithium and alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

Inpatient Alcohol Rehab

There isn’t one treatment approach or style that will suit everyone. Treatment should speak to the needs of the individual. Inpatient rehab and addiction treatment aren’t just about drug use. the goal is to help the patient stop using alcohol and other substances, but alcohol rehab should also focus on the whole person’s needs.

Addiction is a complex but treatable disease that affects brain function and behavior. When someone or their family is considering different treatment facilities, they should account for the complexity of addiction and the needs of the individual. The objective of attending an inpatient rehab center for addiction treatment is to stop using the drug and re-learn how to live a productive life without it.

Following a full medical detox, most people benefit from inpatient rehab. Inpatient drug rehab can last anywhere from 28 days to several months. Patients stay overnight in the rehab facility and participate in intensive treatment programs and therapy. Once someone completes rehab, their addiction treatment team will create an aftercare plan, which may include continuing therapy and participation in a 12-step program like Narcotics Anonymous.

Psychotherapy 

Many rehab programs will also have early morning classes or programs. Group sessions occur during inpatient rehab, as do individual therapy sessions. Family therapy may be part of inpatient rehab when it’s feasible. Alternative forms of therapy may be introduced during inpatient rehab, like a holistic therapy program, yoga for addiction recovery, or an addiction treatment massage therapy.

Several different modalities of psychotherapy have been used in the treatment of mental health disorders along with addiction, including:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – is an effective treatment that involves changing both the patterns of negative thoughts and the behavioral routines which are affecting the daily life of the depressed person for various forms of depression.
• Dialectical Behavioral Therapy – is a comprehensive mental health and substance abuse treatment program whose ultimate goal is to aid patients in their efforts to build a life worth living. The main goal of DBT is to help a person develop what is referred to as a “clear mind.” 
• Solution-focused therapy is an approach interested in solutions that can be quickly implemented with a simple first step leading to further positive consequences.

Dual Diagnosis Treatment

Drug abuse and mental health disorders often co-occur. In many cases, traumatic experiences can result in a mental health disorders and substance abuse. Dual-diagnosis rehabilitation treats both of these issues together. The best approach for the treatment of dual diagnosis is an integrated system. This strategy treats both the substance abuse problem and the mental disorder simultaneously. Regardless of which diagnosis (mental health or substance abuse problem) came first, long-term recovery will depend mainly on the treatment for both diseases done by the same team or provider.