Is Alcoholism a Disease?

When Alcoholism Becomes a Disease

In 1994, the US Department of Justice [4] stated that alcoholism and other types of addictions are not diseases but behaviors in which people engage. However, over the years, the U.S. Supreme Court has looked to American Medical Association (AMA) policies and an amicus brief to help it first establish that alcoholism is a disease.  The high court’s first reference to AMA policy defining alcoholism as a disease came in a dissenting opinion in a case the majority decided not to consider. The 1966 case, Budd v. California, posed the question of whether it is constitutional for California to punish someone who suffers from alcoholism, not just someone who periodically voluntarily overindulges. 

Is Alcoholism A Progressive Disease?

Alcoholism is now recognized as a disease. However, not as many people recognize it as a progressive disease. In many ways, alcoholism differs from most other diseases. First, it generally develops slowly over a person’s life and can occur in people of all ages. Second, it has no single known cause: Heredity, culture, economics, and the environment all contribute to its development, and each alcoholic has his or her personal drinking history. Third, both alcoholics and their alcohol-related disabilities can change over time.

Timeline on the Progression of Alcoholism

The Early Stages

• You start sneaking into drinking alcohol or minimizing how much you consume.
• You begin to feel preoccupied with drinking.
• You start gulping drinks – especially that first one.
• Your tolerance goes up.
• You stop talking about your drinking with most people (drinking buddies excepted) – you’d instead not bring it up.
• You start having alcohol blackouts.
• You start drinking before and after social drinking occasions.
• You start drinking to relieve uncomfortable emotions/stress, etc.
• You start feeling uncomfortable in social situations that don’t allow alcohol.
• You start to feel a loss of control over how much you drink (sometimes, you stay out way later than you had intended).
• You start to lie to others about how much you drink.
• Your habits of drinking as a way to relieve negative emotions get more entrenched.

Middle Stages

• You start hiding your alcohol or ensuring you always have a good supply.
• You start to need the first drink of the day.
• You get morning shakes or tremors.
• You try to force yourself into periods of abstinence (you go on the wagon.)
• Other people start commenting on how much you’re drinking.
• You start becoming occasionally aggressive or grandiose.
• You begin to feel real guilt about your drinking.
• Eating becomes less important than drinking.
• Personal relationships become less important than drinking.
• You have multi-day drinking binges.
• You start to develop unreasonable feelings of resentment.
• You start thinking of getting away temporarily as a way to stop drinking.
• Your drinking leads to your quitting or losing your job.
• You start feeling overly jealous.
• Your sex drive diminishes.
• You get into a habit of solo drinking.
• You start drinking early in the morning.
• Your guilt has blossomed into constant remorse.
• Your thinking becomes scattered and impaired.
• You start drinking with people you wouldn’t have associated with earlier.

Late Stages

• Your alcohol tolerance goes down.
• You start experiencing fear that is not attached to any outside definable threat – just vague fear.
• You are no longer able to work or hold down a job.
• Your physical condition/health deteriorates.
• Your remorse becomes a constant feeling.
• You lose your sense of morality – start doing things you wouldn’t have considered previously.
• You are hospitalized for your drinking.
• You can no longer count on any family or friends to help you.

How to Overcome Alcoholism?

Being a chronic disease, alcoholism, or an alcohol use disorder frequently necessitates therapy to be overcome. There is support available if you struggle with alcohol addiction. It is crucial to contact a treatment facility to explore choices and create a plan that works best for you because there is not one single treatment approach that works best for everyone.

Some people could be required to sign up for an inpatient program, which entails living on-site at a treatment facility. Others might succeed with outpatient treatment, which enables them to remain at home and work while receiving treatment. Regardless of the specific therapies, alcohol use disorder is frequently managed by combining medicine, which can reduce cravings, and counseling, giving patients the skills they need to manage stress and avoid triggers for drinking. Attending meetings with support groups like AA might also help you stay dedicated to your recovery.

How To Help Someone With Alcoholism?

How to reduce alcohol consumption safely? If you’re looking to help a loved one with alcohol addiction, there are steps you can take to offer support. Consider the steps below:

• Learn about alcoholism to understand what your loved one is facing.
• Do not blame or pass judgment when talking with them; instead, come from a place of concern and care. 
• Give specific behavior examples that concern you rather than making vague statements such as, “You’re addicted!”
• Offer to support their recovery by providing resources or helping them get into treatment.
• Avoid enabling them by giving them money or covering up for their mistakes. 
• Understand that drinking around them places them at risk of relapse, so it’s respectful to refrain from drinking or serving alcohol in their presence. 

Is Alcoholism a Disease or a Choice?

Alcoholism is classified as a disease. The debate over categorizing alcoholism and addiction as a disease was largely settled in the medical and scientific community decades ago. The American Medical Association’s (AMA) position was even cited in the U.S. Supreme Court case (Budd v. California, 385 U.S. 909 (1966). Today alcohol dependence is understood as a disease and listed as such in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA).

Today, most authoritative medical organizations consider addiction to alcohol and other substances a disease. Examples of authoritative medical organizations include:

• American Society of Addiction Medicine: “Addiction is a disease, just like asthma, diabetes and heart disease.”
• American Psychiatric Association: “Addiction is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence.”
• National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse: “Addiction is a complex disease of the brain and body that involves compulsive use of one or more substances despite serious health and social consequences.”
• National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: “[Alcohol use disorder] is a chronic relapsing brain disease characterized by compulsive alcohol use, loss of control over alcohol intake, and a negative emotional state when not using.”
• National Institute on Drug Abuse: “Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use, despite harmful consequences.”

Is alcoholism really a disease? In the past, addiction was misunderstood because it’s a disease many individuals exposed to alcohol never develop. People assumed those with alcohol use disorders (AUD) chose to keep drinking. Today, we know that alcohol causes severe changes in the brain that prevent the individual from making rational decisions regarding alcohol use. We know it’s a chronic disease associated with alcohol relapse.

 

Is Alcoholism a Genetic Disease?

Alcohol dependence (alcoholism), the most severe alcohol use disorder, is a complex genetic disease. Alcoholism has long been noted to run in families, but that alone is not sufficient to demonstrate that genetic factors contribute to risk. Many independent lines of evidence point to genetic contributions to its etiology. Adoption studies show that alcoholism in adoptees correlates more strongly with their biological parents than their adoptive parents [6].

Animal studies also demonstrate genetic liability; mice and rats have been selectively bred for many traits associated with alcohol dependence, including alcohol preference, alcohol sensitivity, and withdrawal sensitivity. The ability to genetically select for these traits demonstrates that there are genetic bases for them and that different genes contribute to different aspects of the phenotype. Taken together, there is overwhelming evidence that genetic variations contribute to the risk of alcohol dependence.

It should be emphasized that while genetic differences affect risk, there is no “gene for alcoholism,” and both environmental and social factors weigh heavily on the outcome. Genetic factors affect the risk not only for alcohol dependence but also the level of alcohol consumption and the risk for alcohol-associated diseases, including alcoholic cirrhosis and upper GI cancers. . Knowing that genetic factors affect risk does not mean that we know which specific variants contribute, nor how. This is an area of active research as new genes and variants are being identified.

Is Alcoholism a Disease? FAQ’s

Alcoholism Treatment Recovery Story To Sobriety

Lorraine shares her personal Alcoholism Treatment Recovery Testimonial Video.

In this video, Lorraine is open and honest about both her road to recovery and her experience getting alcoholism treatment.

“If I didn’t change, I was just going to keep going back to jail. I’m Lorraine and I’ve been sober for six years. I’m a recovering alcoholic, heroin addict, and crack cocaine addict.

I was homeless for several years. I called the one person that never gave up on me and that was my mom and within an hour she was at the motel that I was staying at. And I said yes because I didn’t know what I was doing with my life and it was the best phone call I ever made.

After getting out of treatment I did everything that they told me to do. I got a sponsor. She’s still my sponsor. She’s taken me through the steps several times. I went back to school and now I’m one semester away from finishing my Bachelor’s in social work. And then I will start my Master’s in hopes to be a therapist so I can be there for other people.

Being sober is the only reason that I can work towards that.”

Does Alcoholism Treatment Work?

The good news is that the majority of people with a substance use problem can benefit from undergoing quality therapy, regardless of how severe their addiction may be. Approximately 80% of persons who successfully complete drug and alcohol rehab report an improvement in their health and quality of life.