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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults, Signs, Face & Personality Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

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Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a lifelong condition that impacts both children and adults. The long-term consequences of FAS include physical, mental and behavioral abnormalities. Continue to read more about fetal alcohol syndrome in adults.

By We Level Up NJ Treatment Center | Editor Yamilla Francese | Clinically Reviewed By Lauren Barry, LMFT, MCAP, QS, Director of Quality Assurance | Editorial Policy | Research Policy | Last Updated: March 22, 2023

What is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in adults disorder (FASD) is caused by exposure to alcohol during pregnancy and can result in various facial, physical, and cognitive abnormalities. Alcoholism can harm your baby at any stage during pregnancy. That includes the earliest stages before you even know you are pregnant.

Drinking during pregnancy can cause a group of conditions called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Children born with FASD can have various problems, such as facial, wide-set, narrow eyes, growth abnormalities, nervous system, medical, behavioral, educational, and social problems.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Symptoms

Individuals affected with severe fetal alcohol syndrome adults (FASD) have a high rate of psychiatric and personality disorders, problems with addiction, and troubles with the law. They are also less likely to get a college degree, have stable employment, or live independently.

Signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults

Signs of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults include physical problems plus issues with behavior and learning. Fetal alcohol syndrome adult disorders occur along a severity index. Thus, this disorder ranges in the quantity of alcohol drinking during pregnancy. The more alcohol consumed, the greater the severity of the illness.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Face in Adults Anomalies Chart

The most severe fetal alcohol syndrome adults have facial anomalies, including wide-set and narrow eyes, development, maturing, and growth issues, plus nervous system abnormalities.

Only a few affected adults have FASD facial features, small eye openings, thin upper lips, flat grooves under the nose, or developmental delays linked to prenatal alcohol abuse. These characteristics may diminish with age.

What does fetal alcohol syndrome look like in adults? What is Fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults symptoms? Alcohol fetal syndrome symptoms in adults often include growth retardation, unusual facial features, and intellectual disability.
What does fetal alcohol syndrome look like in adults? What is fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults symptoms? Alcohol fetal syndrome symptoms in adults often include physical facial irrgeulatoiries, growth retardation, unusual facial features, and intellectual disability. Source: Fetal alcohol syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image

Facial signs of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults can be observed in both children and adults with FAS and may include:

  1. Small eye openings: Individuals with FAS may have a small distance between the inside corners of the eyes, making their eyes appear widely spaced apart.
  2. Smooth philtrum: The philtrum is the groove between the nose and upper lip. The groove may be thin or smooth in individuals with FAS rather than having the usual grooves and ridges.
  3. Thin upper lip: The upper lip may be thin or flat in individuals with FAS, sometimes with an indistinct border between the lip and skin.
  4. Flattened midface: Individuals with FAS may have a flattened or underdeveloped midface, leading to an unbalanced or asymmetrical appearance.

While the facial features of FAS may be present in some individuals, it’s important to note that not all people with FAS have these features. Moreover, these features do not always indicate the presence of FAS. A diagnosis of FAS typically requires a thorough evaluation by a qualified medical professional.

Physical Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms In Adults

Fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms in adults could include the following:

  • Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip
  • Small head and brain size
  • Shorter-than-average height
  • Low body weight
  • Poor coordination
  • Sleep and sucking problems as a baby
  • Vision or hearing problems
  • Problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones

Mental Health Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms In Adults

Mental Health Fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms in adults include the following:

  • Hyperactive behavior
  • Difficulty with attention and memory
  • Learning disabilities and difficulty in school
  • Speech and language delays
  • Intellectual disability or low IQ
  • Poor reasoning and judgment skills
  • Depression, anxiety, and obessive-compulisive disoders.
There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. Therefore, to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome in adults, you should not drink alcohol while pregnant or when you might get pregnant.
There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. Therefore, to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome in adults, you should not drink alcohol while pregnant or when you might get pregnant.

FASD Behavior Checklist 

The Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Behavior Checklist is a screening tool for identifying potential behavioral symptoms of FASD in children and adolescents. This checklist is not diagnostic but lists red flags that may warrant further evaluation or screening for FASD. Here are some examples of behaviors that may be included in the FASD checklist:

  1. Difficulty with impulse control and self-regulation
  2. Difficulty with memory and learning
  3. Poor social skills and interpersonal relationships
  4. Difficulty with problem-solving and decision-making
  5. Aggressive and challenging behavior
  6. Inappropriate sexual behavior
  7. Anxiety and mood swings
  8. Hyperactive and/or impulsive behavior
  9. Difficulty following rules and limits
  10. Poor judgment
  11. Prone to outbursts and tantrums
  12. Trouble with executive functioning
  13. Troubling substance use or misuse, such as alcohol or drugs

It is essential to note that one or more of these behaviors does not necessarily mean that the child or adolescent has FASD. However, if a child or adolescent exhibits multiple behaviors listed on the FASD Behavior Checklist, it may be prudent to seek further evaluation or screening for FASD. The checklist can be used with a comprehensive medical and developmental evaluation to determine if FASD is present.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Infographics

Fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms in adults can result in severe adverse effects.

Based on early detection and medical support, life expectancy for adults with fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms can decrease. People with FAS are projected to live to about 34 years (95% CI: 31–37 years), or only about 42%, compared to the general population's life expectancy.  
Based on early detection and medical support, life expectancy for adults with fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms can decrease. People with FAS are projected to live to about 34 years (95% CI: 31–37 years), or only about 42%, compared to the general population’s life expectancy.  

Source: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (nih.gov)

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Secondary Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms in Adults

In addition to the primary symptoms of FAS, affected individuals may develop secondary conditions that can further impact their health and well-being. Some examples of secondary conditions of FAS in adults can include:

  1. Mental health issues: Adults with FAS may be more likely than their peers to experience mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and suicidal ideation.
    • Depression affects 44% of adults with FAS.
    • Psychotic symptoms affect 40%.
    • Anxiety affects 20%.
    • Bipolar disorder affects 20%.
  2. Unemployment and financial instability: Due to cognitive and behavioral difficulties associated with FAS, affected adults may struggle to maintain employment or experience financial instability.
    • 87% of individuals with FAS do not have a regular job.
    • 70% are unemployed.
  4. Addiction and legal problems: Adults with FAS may be more likely to engage in risky behaviors and may struggle to understand the consequences of their actions, which, in turn, can lead to legal problems or involvement with the criminal justice system.
    • 60% are impacted by alcohol or drug dependence.
  5. Social isolation: Adults with FAS may struggle with social skills, making it challenging to form and maintain meaningful relationships with peers or access social support.
    • 80% need help with their daily activities.
    • 66% live in an assisted living or institutional environment.
  6. Chronic health conditions: Adults with FAS may be at higher risk for certain chronic health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and heart disease than their peers.

It’s important to remember that secondary conditions of FAS can vary widely depending on the individual, and not all adults with FAS will develop these complications. However, early diagnosis and appropriate intervention can help minimize the impact of FAS on individuals’ health and well-being and increase the likelihood of positive outcomes. If you or a loved one may be affected by FAS, seeking qualified medical and mental health support is important.

Causes of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults 

The cause of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a woman drinking alcoholic beverages during pregnancy. This includes not only “hard liquor” but also beer and wine. Whatever alcohol is in a pregnant woman’s bloodstream will pass through the umbilical cord to the developing baby (fetus). The fetus cannot process alcohol through the liver or other organs, so it is exposed to the same amount of alcohol in the mother’s bloodstream and for a more extended period.

Alcohol can interfere with the normal development of the fetus, particularly the brain and central nervous system. This occurs in any of the following ways:

  • Alcohol can kill cells in different parts of the fetus, causing abnormal physical development.
  • Alcohol interferes with how nerve cells develop, travel to form different brain parts, and their functioning.
  • Alcohol constricts blood vessels and slows blood flow to the placenta (the fluid-filled sac in which the fetus develops). This causes a shortage of oxygen and nutrients in the fetus.
  • Toxic byproducts are produced when the body processes alcohol. These may then concentrate on and damage the brain cells of the fetus.

Alcohol can pass through the placenta and affect the development of the fetus. FAS can damage developing cells and tissues, including the brain and nervous system, leading to various physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems.

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Treatment

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most severe type of FASD. Fetal alcohol syndrome symptoms in adults last a lifetime. There is no cure for fetal alcohol syndrome in adults, but treatments can help manage the symptoms. These include medicines to help with FASD in adults symptoms, medical care for health problems, behavior and education therapy, and parent training. A good treatment plan is specific to the issues. It should include close monitoring, follow-ups, and changes when needed and provide:

  • Medicines targeted at easing some symptoms of FAS, like depression and anxiety.
  • Mental health therapy to help with both behavioral and educational progress.
  • Family, parent, and caregiver training.

FAS is a preventable condition, and women who are pregnant or may become pregnant should avoid drinking alcohol. There is no safe amount or safe time to drink alcohol during pregnancy. If you are pregnant and struggling with alcohol use, seeking help as soon as possible is necessary to reduce the risk of FAS and other complications. Treatment and support options are available, so don’t hesitate to contact your healthcare provider, a support group, or a trusted friend or family member for assistance.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Awerness Month

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in adults is caused by exposure to alcohol during fetal development. It can cause many physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems that last a lifetime. FAS in adults can lead to difficulties with learning, memory, decision-making, impulse control, and social skills. Raising awareness of FAS in adults is important because it is a preventable condition affecting millions worldwide.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Awareness Month is observed in September to raise awareness of the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy and its lifelong effects on individuals and their families. The goal is to educate people about the risks of drinking during pregnancy and encourage women to prevent FAS in their children. Prevention strategies include avoiding drinking during pregnancy, seeking prenatal care, and improving access to alcohol abuse treatment and support for women with alcohol use disorder.

By raising awareness of FAS in adults, we can help to reduce stigma, improve diagnosis and treatment, and support individuals and families affected by this condition.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Awareness Month is an opportunity to promote research into the causes and treatment of this condition. Researchers are working to understand the underlying mechanisms of FAS better and develop more effective interventions to help affected individuals.
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Awareness Month is an opportunity to promote research into the causes and treatment of this condition. Researchers are working to understand the underlying mechanisms of FAS better and develop more effective interventions to help affected individuals.

Source: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (nih.gov)

Many people with FAS in adulthood may struggle with mental health issues, addiction, and other challenges that make it difficult to lead fulfilling lives. Awareness efforts often focus on helping individuals with FAS get the support and resources they need to manage their symptoms and achieve their goals. This may involve developing specialized programs and services that cater to the unique needs of people with FAS, including educational programs, job training, and mental health services.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Awareness Month is also a reminder of the importance of supporting families affected by FAS. The impact of FAS can be far-reaching, and families may need help navigating the challenges of raising and supporting a child with FAS. Raising awareness of this condition and promoting research can help reduce the incidence of FAS and support affected individuals and families as they navigate the complex associated issues.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Statistics

In a 2022 Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), CDC investigators discovered that nearly 14% (or 1 in 7) of pregnant women reported drinking, while about 5% (or 1 in 20) reported binge drinking in the last 30 days. Pregnant women who encountered frequent mental distress (14 or more days of poor mental health in the past 30 days) and those who did not have a regular healthcare provider were more likely to report alcohol use.

This MMWR report highlights the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant people in the United States. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pregnant women abstain from alcohol due to its risks to fetal development and pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage, stillbirth, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.

The report emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to screen pregnant patients for alcohol use and provide appropriate interventions, such as referral to addiction treatment and supportive services. It also highlights the need for public health campaigns to educate the public about the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy and to promote healthy behaviors and access to healthcare.

The finding that pregnant women experiencing frequent mental distress are more likely to report alcohol use underscores the importance of addressing mental health issues during pregnancy and providing appropriate support and treatment.

Ultimately, this MMWR report serves as a reminder that alcohol use during pregnancy is a significant public health concern. Efforts must be taken to ensure the health and well-being of pregnant people and their fetuses.

Moeover, using medical and other records, CDC studies have identified about one infant with FAS for every 1,000 live births in some regions of the United States. The most recent CDC study analyzed medical and other records and found FAS in 0.3 out of 1,000 children from 7 to 9 years of age.

34 Years

Depending on early diagnosis and support, life expectancies can increase. However, on average, people with fetal alcohol syndrome are estimated to live 34 years.

Source: CDC

1 in 1,000

Using medical and other records, CDC studies have identified about 1 infant with FAS for every 1,000 live births in some regions of the United States.

Source: CDC

40,000

Experts estimate that approximately 40,000 babies in the United States may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome yearly.

Source: CDC

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults

Fact Sheet

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a lifelong condition that impacts both children and adults. FAS is usually diagnosed in children but can be diagnosed in older individuals as well. The long-term consequences of FAS include physical, mental and behavioral abnormalities.

Alcohol can harm your baby at any stage during pregnancy. That includes the earliest stages before you even know you are pregnant. Drinking during pregnancy can cause a group of conditions called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Children who are born with FASD can have a mix of problems, such as medical, behavioral, educational, and social problems. The kinds of problems they have depend on which type of FASD they have. The problems could include :

  • Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth ridge between the nose and upper lip
  • Small head size
  • Shorter-than-average height
  • Low body weight
  • Poor coordination
  • Hyperactive behavior
  • Difficulty with attention and memory
  • Learning disabilities and difficulty in school
  • Speech and language delays
  • Intellectual disability or low IQ
  • Poor reasoning and judgment skills
  • Sleep and sucking problems as a baby
  • Vision or hearing problems
  • Problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones

Kids with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Symptoms

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is caused by exposure to alcohol during pregnancy and can result in a wide range of physical, cognitive, and behavioral problems in affected children. Some common symptoms of FAS in childhood can include:

  1. Delayed growth and development: Children with FAS may have a smaller-than-average head circumference (microcephaly), low birth weight, and/or be shorter in height than their peers.
  2. Facial abnormalities: Children with FAS may have distinct facial features, including small eye openings (hypotelorism), a thin upper lip, a smooth philtrum (the groove between the nose and upper lip), and/or a flattened midface.
  3. Learning difficulties and academic underachievement: Children with FAS may struggle with academic tasks and fall behind in school. They may also struggle with memory, attention, and decision-making abilities.
  4. Behavioral problems: Children with FAS may struggle with impulsivity, hyperactivity, and mood swings. They may also have difficulty with social skills and struggle to make friends.
  5. Impaired coordination and motor skills: Children with FAS may have problems with coordination and fine motor skills, making it difficult to perform tasks such as writing or buttoning clothing.

If you suspect your child may be struggling with symptoms of FAS, it’s important to seek a qualified medical professional for diagnosis and treatment. While FAS cannot be cured, early intervention and appropriate treatment can significantly improve outcomes and help children with FAS live fulfilling lives.

Prevalence of FASDs

CDC studies have uncovered a startling reality: 1 in every 1000 live births is affected by Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS). Recent surveys of school-aged children revealed higher rates, with 6 to 9 out of each thousand afflicted. A broader estimation found that FASDs may impact as many as 5 percent of all US and Western European schoolchildren – an alarming statistic.

Cost of FASDs

Each individual with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) brings an estimated staggering cost of $2 million to society, and the collective price for FASDs across America amounts to a whopping $4 billion yearly. When considering additional disabilities, including profound intellectual disability, the total cost skyrockets even further.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Face Adults Features

Fetal alcohol syndrome face adults’ features are caused by alcohol abuse during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults can exhibit a spectrum of physical and intellectual disabilities. FAS is associated with a distinct set of facial features that may include:

  1. A small head girth.
  2. Small, narrow eye openings.
  3. A thin upper lip.
  4. The smooth and flattened groove between the nose and upper lip.
  5. A shorter than average distance between the base of the nose and the upper lip.

These physical characteristics, also known as “facial dysmorphisms,” are not always present in babies born with FAS. Some babies with FAS may have a more subtle facial appearance without these features.

It’s vital to note that FAS is preventable, and avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the best way to prevent FAS and other alcohol-related birth defects. Pregnant women who struggle with alcohol use are encouraged to seek help from a healthcare professional to receive appropriate treatment and support.

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the most serious type of FASD. People with fetal alcohol syndrome have facial abnormalities, including wide-set and narrow eyes, growth problems, and nervous system abnormalities.

FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but treatments can help. These include medicines to help with symptoms, medical care for health problems, behavior and education therapy, and parent training. A good treatment plan is specific to the child’s problems. It should include close monitoring, follow-ups, and changes when needed.

There is no known safe amount of alcohol during pregnancy. To prevent FASDs, you should not drink alcohol while pregnant or when you might get pregnant.

Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) in Adults

Diagnosing FASD can be hard because there is no medical test, like a blood test. A healthcare provider will make a diagnosis by looking at the child’s signs and symptoms and asking whether the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy.

Healthcare providers can diagnose FAS in adults by evaluating physical, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms. Some steps that healthcare providers may take to diagnose FAS in adults include:

  1. Reviewing medical history: Healthcare providers may review the individual’s medical history and prenatal history, including any known or suspected exposure to alcohol during pregnancy.
  2. Physical exam: Providers may perform a physical exam to detect any physical features that are common in individuals with FAS, such as facial abnormalities, shortened stature, or low birth weight.
  3. Cognitive and behavioral assessment: Healthcare providers may administer cognitive and behavioral assessments to evaluate memory, attention, language skills, decision-making, and other cognitive skills affected by FAS.
  4. Diagnostic criteria: Healthcare providers may use diagnostic criteria, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) or The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Diagnostic and Prevention Network’s Diagnostic Guidelines, to determine if an individual meets the criteria for a FAS diagnosis.

Remembering that FAS is a complex disorder that can affect individuals differently is essential. There is currently no cure for FAS, but early intervention and appropriate treatment can significantly improve outcomes and help individuals with FAS live fulfilling lives.

Alcohol Use among Pregnant Women in the United States

Recent research has revealed alarmingly high rates of alcohol consumption among pregnant people in the United States. A CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report from 2022 showed that 14% (1 out of every 7) reported drinking, with 5% admitting to binge drinking within a 30 day period; meanwhile, an American Journal of Preventive Medicine report concluded these numbers rose slightly over seven years from 2011 – 2018. Risk factors for such behavior include mental distress and lacking access to healthcare services.

Alcohol Use Screening and Counseling

Despite the potential risks of drinking during pregnancy, US healthcare providers may miss critical opportunities to advise expecting mothers on alcohol use. Unsurprisingly, a 2020 CDC report found that just 38% of adults were asked about binge drinking in their last two routine checkups – with even fewer being advised by their doctors to reduce or quit altogether. These findings point towards an urgent need for better integration and utilization of strategies addressing these missed chances that will help pregnant women make healthier choices regarding alcohol consumption.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Face Adults Images

The features of fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults can be easily detectable in some cases. See, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Pictures Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
The features of fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults can be easily detectable in some cases. See, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Pictures Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
What does fetal alcohol syndrome look like in adults? What is Fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults symptoms? Alcohol fetal syndrome symptoms in adults often include growth retardation, unusual facial features, and intellectual disability.
What does fetal alcohol syndrome look like in adults? What is Fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults symptoms? Alcohol fetal syndrome symptoms in adults often include growth retardation, unusual facial features, and intellectual disability.

There is no one specific “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Face” that is present in all individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), as the facial features can vary depending on the individual and the severity of their condition. It’s also worth noting that the physical characteristics associated with FASD can be subtle. It may not always be apparent that an individual has the condition just by looking at them.

However, some adults with FASD may exhibit facial features similar to those seen in infants and children with FASD, such as a thin upper lip, a smooth philtrum, and narrow eye openings. These features may be more subtle in adults due to changes in facial structure as they age.

It’s important to note that FASD is a complex condition not solely defined by physical characteristics. Individuals with FASD may also experience developmental, cognitive, and behavioral difficulties that can impact their daily functioning and quality of life. If you suspect that you or a loved one may have FASD, it’s important to seek professional evaluation and support from a healthcare professional specializing in FASD.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Infographic

It is crucial to keep in mind that FAS is a complex disorder that can have diverse effects on people. Although there is currently no cure for FAS, individuals with the condition can lead happy lives with the help of early intervention and the right treatment.

The above chart on “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults” Shows the facial signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
The above chart on “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults” Shows the facial signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

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The above chart on “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults” Shows the physical signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
The above chart on “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults” Shows the physical signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

Embed the above “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults” Infographic to your Website. This infographic is provided by the We Level Up addiction treatment center team. To use the above infographics, you agree to link back and attribute its source and owner at https://welevelupnj.com/addiction/fetal-alcohol-syndrome-in-adults/

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults image link: https://welevelupnj.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Fetal-Alcohol-Syndrome-in-Adults-1-1030×1030.jpg

The above chart on “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Personality” Shows the behavioral signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.

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Signs of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults

If you or someone you know is exhibiting symptoms of FASD in adults, seek medical attention immediately. While some of the symptoms of alcohol fetal syndrome in adults can be treated, the disorder is permanent. Commonly noted FASD symptoms in adults are as follows:

  • Having a small head
  • Abnormal facial features such as small eyes, thin upper lip
  • Height and weight that is below average
  • Hyperactivity
  • Lack of focus
  • Poor coordination
  • Delay in development
  • Problems with vision
  • Poor judgment
  • Intellectual and learning disabilities
  • Heart and kidney Problems
  • Mood swings
  • Deformed limbs or fingers

Adults born with fetal alcohol syndrome vary in their presentation of symptoms depending on how much alcohol their mother consumed during pregnancy.  This is why diagnosing FASD in less severe cases can be challenging. But even with minimal FASD symptoms adults present, adults will struggle in various ways that complicate their everyday lives.

There are no exact statistics on how many people have fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). It can sometimes be challenging to diagnose a person with FASD because of the various symptoms and spectrum of severity. Also, not all people who drink while pregnant feel comfortable talking to their healthcare provider. This means that some people with mild symptoms of FASD and mild fetal alcohol syndrome in adults might never be diagnosed.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Face in Adults Features

The characteristic facial features associated with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) tend to be more pronounced in children. However, certain facial features may still be visible in adults with FAS.

Fetal alcohol syndrome facial features in adults pictures example:

The features of fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults can be easily detectable in some cases. See, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Pictures Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
The features of fetal alcohol syndrome face in adults can be easily detectable in some cases. See, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Pictures Source: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Face in Adults Characteristics

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by pre-and postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities, and central nervous system defects. The pattern of facial defects resulting from ethanol exposure during development primarily affects the midline of the face, altering the morphology of the eyes, nose, and lips [3]. Ethanol damage to cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) early in embryonic development is responsible for these minor midline abnormalities.

A linear relationship exists between ethanol exposure and the severity of expression of ethanol-induced defects. Although the intensity, duration, and timing of prenatal ethanol exposure can dramatically affect the manifestation of these abnormalities, the general trend is that as exposure to ethanol increases, the expression of abnormal facial traits increases.

A largely unaddressed fact is that fetal alcohol syndrome in adults could signify a person's high risk of developing a drug or alcohol use disorder. 
A largely unaddressed fact is that fetal alcohol syndrome in adults could signify a person’s high risk of developing a drug or alcohol use disorder. 

Diagnostic characteristics typical of FAS in adults include:

  • Smaller eye openings (palpebral fissures, the region between the upper and lower eyelid), at times, accompanied by folds of skin (epicanthal folds) at the corners of the eyes that stretch the upper lids taut and create a more oval shape.
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome adults feature a general shortening of the nose occurs, often accompanied by a lowered nasal bridge. Hypoplastic (underdeveloped) expression of the philtrum also occurs, resulting in the lessened expression or absence of the bilateral raised ridges of skin that connect the nasal septum to the upper lip’s bow.
  • Fetal alcohol syndrome in adults may include an overall narrowing of the forehead, shortened midface, and underdevelopment of the chin, which also usually accompany these ethanol-induced abnormalities. These defects are generally more pronounced in infants and children and tend to become less noticeable as growth through adolescence and adulthood alters facial morphology.
  • What are the features of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Adults face? The pattern of facial defects resulting from ethanol exposure during development primarily affects the midline of the face, altering the morphology of the eyes, nose, and lips. Ethanol damage to cranial neural crest cells (CNCC) early in embryonic development is responsible for these minor midline abnormalities.

Risk Factors of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome In Adults

The severity of alcohol effects on a fetus primarily depends on the following:

  • Quantity — How much a pregnant woman drinks per occasion?
  • Frequency — How often does a pregnant woman drink?
  • Timing — In what stage of pregnancy does a woman drink, and if she drinks heavily just as the fetus develops a particular feature or brain region

Other factors can also influence how prenatal alcohol exposure affects children. These include:​

Maternal Characteristics

Research demonstrates that children may be more affected by prenatal alcohol exposure if their mothers:

  • Have poor nutrition.
  • Had multiple pregnancies and births.
  • Have lower-than-average weight, height, and body mass index (BMI).
  • Smoke.
  • Are older.
  • Are you a member of a family of heavy drinkers?

Environmental Factors

Research demonstrates that children can be more affected by prenatal alcohol exposure if their mothers experience adverse-living conditions and high-stress levels. These may include social isolation, living in circumstances where alcohol misuse is common and accepted, and living in a community where resources for prenatal care are limited.

Genetics

The extent of fetal adult alcohol syndrome may depend on the mother’s genetic makeup, her child’s genetic makeup, and changes in gene activity caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.

Interventions

Researchers and clinicians have developed effective learning and behavioral interventions to help people with fetal alcohol syndrome[2]. For example, school-based interventions can help children with fetal alcohol syndrome learn more efficiently. School-based interventions may include specialized teaching strategies that provide a consistent routine and allow children to practice new skills repeatedly. Other promising interventions include:

  • Family support groups and classes to help parents better care for a child with fetal alcohol syndrome.
  • Nutritional supplements for pregnant women and postnatal supplements for their children.
  • Behavioral interventions for affected children include training in social skills, problem-solving, and personal safety.
The most profound effects of prenatal alcohol exposure or fetal alcohol syndrome in adults are brain damage and resulting behavioral and cognitive functioning impairments.
The most profound effects of prenatal alcohol exposure or fetal alcohol syndrome in adults are brain damage and resulting behavioral and cognitive functioning impairments.

Complications of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 

Problem behaviors not present at birth that can result from having alcohol fetal syndrome adults (secondary disabilities) may include:

  • Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
  • Aggression, inappropriate social conduct, and breaking the rules and laws
  • Alcohol or drug misuse
  • Mental health disorders, such as depression, anxiety, or eating disorders
  • Problems staying in or completing school
  • Problems with independent living and with employment
  • Inappropriate sexual behaviors
  • Early death by accident, homicide, or suicide

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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Effects in Adults 

Fetal alcohol syndrome is a condition that can affect an individual far beyond infancy and childhood. Many people with FAS have difficulty due to the condition into adulthood and the rest of their lives. The physical effects of fetal alcohol syndrome are one of the adults’ most prominent FAS symptoms. For example, many people with adult fetal alcohol syndrome are smaller in stature and shorter than others due to development and growth problems caused by the condition.

Additional physical effects of FAS that are apparent in adulthood may include:

  • Organ defects
  • Bone growth issues
  • Flattened philtrum (groove in the upper lip)
  • Smaller head circumference
  • Smaller than average eye openings
  • Small or absent palpebral fissures (the space between the corner of the eye closest to the nose)
  • Thinner upper lip
  • Low and short nose bridge
  • Flattened cheekbones
  • Small jaw

Some of these physical defects may be minor or even unnoticeable. However, some deformities in the facial area can signify brain damage in the individual. Knowing the fetal alcohol syndrome signs in adults can help you get treatment. Remember, you are not alone. Therapeutic and medical help can make all the difference in your life.

Detailed Mental and Neurological Signs

Physical symptoms are not the only way fetal alcohol syndrome in adults can impact a person’s life. Many adults with fetal alcohol syndrome also experience significant mental and developmental problems.

Fetal alcohol syndrome in adults can directly damage the central nervous system, resulting in structural and neurological deficiencies. These deficiencies can cause several issues as the person develops into a child and adult. An adult with fetal alcohol syndrome requires specialized care to cope with their condition.

The mental effects that may occur as a result of FAS include:

  • Learning disabilities
  • Poor memory
  • Hyperactivity
  • Low IQ
  • Impulsivity
  • Poor social skills
  • Trouble completing tasks
  • Higher susceptibility to specific mental health disorders
  • Increased risk of drug and alcohol use and addiction
  • Mental retardation
  • Hearing disorders

Some individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome in adults may show no signs or symptoms of this condition after infancy. However, many people with FAS will struggle with this condition for the rest of their lives.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Personality

According to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) [4], adults with alcohol fetal syndrome (FASDs) have high psychiatric and personality disorders, problems with drugs and alcohol, and difficulties with the law. Crimes committed by an adult with FAS are often due to this condition’s developmental and mental effects. For example, a person may steal because he or she cannot understand the concept of ownership.

Other secondary effects that a person may experience due to FAS include trouble maintaining a steady job, difficulty finding and keeping housing, and money management. According to a study by the University of Washington, an estimated 79 percent of people with FAS had difficulty with steady employment.

Many individuals with fetal alcohol syndrome adult require specialized care to cope successfully with life. With help, many adults with FAS can lead productive and relatively independent lives.

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Diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults

How to diagnose fetal alcohol syndrome in adults? Individuals are generally diagnosed with FAS in childhood. Adults can also be evaluated and diagnosed, although challenges include obtaining reliable alcohol exposure histories and changes in the physical phenotype. 

More research is necessary to define the physical phenotype in adulthood, but currently, the research suggests that microcephaly, a thin upper lip, and shortened stature are persistent features. In an adult who has not previously been evaluated for FASDs, these features could alert a healthcare provider that such an evaluation should be considered. 

No specific medical tests exist for FAS, so a diagnosis is usually made based on various factors. These include:

  • Abnormal facial features, such as a smooth philtrum
  • Short stature
  • Low body weight
  • Central nervous system problems, such as a small head size
  • Issues with hyperactivity, attention, and coordination
  • Known alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy

Long-Term Effects of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults

The effects of FAS can be particularly challenging to navigate during adulthood when the person is expected to take care of him or herself. Adults who experience effects related to fetal alcohol exposure often need help as they try to find housing, employment, transportation, and manage daily life.

Unfortunately, many affected people will never receive the resources and support they need to succeed. According to a University of Washington study of people with FAS aged 6-51, nearly 80% had employment problems. Moreover, over 60% of those over age 12 had legal troubles, and 35% had drug and alcohol use disorders.

As people with FAS reach adulthood, they and their caregivers face additional challenges. Specialized coaches and counselors may be required to help these individuals live happily and relatively independently. There are several secondary and long-term effects of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults, such as the following:

  • Inability to live independently
  • Victimization
  • Difficulty raising their

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Preventing Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

When a woman drinks during pregnancy, the blood travels through her body and into the placenta to the developing fetus. Because the fetus’s body cannot break down alcohol as fast and efficiently as an adult, the alcohol will remain in their tiny bodies for much longer, which is believed to cause FAS in adults.

Women who consume excessive amounts of alcohol while pregnant increase the risk of their child having FAS, although no amount of alcohol use is considered safe. If a woman is pregnant, the only way to ensure fetal alcohol syndrome doesn’t develop is to abstain from alcohol consumption altogether.

The consequences of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults are lifelong and include mental, physical, and behavioral concerns.
The consequences of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults are lifelong and include mental, physical, and behavioral concerns.

No two people with FASDs are precisely alike. Treatment services for FASD in adults are most effective when they address a person’s specific impairments and build upon their strengths with the help of medical professionals from FASD treatment centers.

Treatment for Alcohol Abuse

Some individuals, depending on how profoundly they are affected by symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults, who have a substance use disorder themselves, can receive treatment at a specialized facility such as We Level Up NJ. We offer a comprehensive approach to addiction treatment that includes evidence-based services, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, essential for recovery.

We employ highly-skilled addiction professionals trained to provide clients with the resources and support they need to achieve abstinence and sustain long-term wellness and sobriety. For those with co-occurring mental health disorders, such as depression, we offer dual-diagnosis treatment programs to address both conditions simultaneously.

If you are suffering from addiction to drugs or alcohol, contact us today to discuss treatment options and find out how we can help you begin your journey to recovery – and guide you every step of the way!

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Top 5 Most Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What are the three types of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults?

    Depending on the features identified, the medical disorders labeled as FASD include Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), partial FAS (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD), and neurobehavioral disorder associated with prenatal alcohol exposure (ND-PAE).

  2. What is fetal alcohol syndrome in adults called now?

    Alcohol use during pregnancy can interfere with the baby’s development, causing physical and mental defects. Fetal alcohol syndrome is the most severe condition within a group of conditions called fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs).

  3. Can one drink cause fetal alcohol syndrome in adults?

    Even 1 or 2 drinks of alcohol can cause damage to the fetal brain. No amount of alcohol has been proven safe to drink during pregnancy. There is no known amount of alcohol that is safe during pregnancy.

  4. What is the life expectancy of fetal alcohol syndrome in adults?

    Depending on early diagnosis and support, life expectancies can increase. However, on average, people with FAS are estimated to live 34 years (95% CI: 31–37 years).

  5. Can you test for fetal alcohol syndrome in adults?

    Diagnosing FASD can be challenging because there is no medical test, like a blood test. The health care provider will make a diagnosis by looking at the person’s signs and symptoms and asking whether the mother drank alcohol during pregnancy. FASDs last a lifetime. There is no cure for FASDs, but treatments can help.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome in Adults How To Stop Drinking Video

If someone is struggling with alcohol addiction during pregnancy and needs help to stop drinking, here are some tips that may be helpful:

  1. Seek medical support: Talk to your healthcare provider about your alcohol use and ask for their support in stopping drinking. They may be able to provide resources or refer you to a specialist who can help.
  2. Enlist a support system: Let friends and family know that you are not drinking during pregnancy and ask for their support in helping you stay on track.
  3. Identify triggers: Recognize situations or people that trigger a desire to drink and avoid them as much as possible.
  4. Stay busy: Find healthy activities that do not involve drinking, such as exercise, yoga, or hobbies.
  5. Learn relaxation techniques: Stress and anxiety can increase the urge to drink, so developing relaxation techniques such as deep breathing or meditation may be helpful.
  6. Attend support groups: Consider joining a support group for people who are trying to stop drinking, such as Alcoholics Anonymous.
  7. Keep a journal: Write down your thoughts and feelings about alcohol use, and track your progress in abstaining from drinking.
  8. Reward yourself: Set small achievable goals, and reward yourself each time you meet them to stay motivated.
  9. Make a plan for social situations: If you are attending social events where alcohol may be present, plan ahead and bring your own non-alcoholic beverages to enjoy.
  10. Remember the risks: Remember that alcohol use during pregnancy can have serious consequences for both the mother and the baby. Keeping this in mind may help you stay motivated to stop drinking.

There is no safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy, and it is recommended that pregnant women abstain from drinking entirely.

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Sources

[1] Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders – U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institutes of Health. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders | National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) (nih.gov). Fetal alcohol syndrome: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Image.

[2] Fetal Alcohol Exposure – NIAAA/ National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

[3] Basics about FASDs – Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

[4] Moore EM, Riley EP. What Happens When Children with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Become Adults? Curr Dev Disord Rep. 2015 Sep;2(3):219-227. DOI: 10.1007/s40474-015-0053-7. Epub 2015 Jun 24. PMID: 26543794; PMCID: PMC4629517.

[5] Detoxing From Drugs While Pregnant & Effective Treatment Options (welevelup.com)

[6] LaHood AJ, Kok SJ. Ethanol Toxicity. How Long Does Alcohol Withdrawal Last? [Updated 2022 Mar 18]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557381/

[7] Jung YC, Namkoong K. Alcohol: intoxication and poisoning – diagnosis and treatment. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;125:115-21. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62619-6.00007-0. PMID: 25307571.

[8] Newman RK, Stobart Gallagher MA, Gomez AE. Alcohol Withdrawal. [Updated 2022 Aug 29]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441882/

[9] Huebner RB, Kantor LW. Advances in alcoholism treatment. Alcohol Res Health. 2011;33(4):295-9. PMID: 23580014; PMCID: PMC3860532.

[10] Witkiewitz K, Litten RZ, Leggio L. Advances in the science and treatment of alcohol use disorder. Sci Adv. 2019 Sep 25;5(9):eaax4043. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax4043. PMID: 31579824; PMCID: PMC6760932.

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