Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the active ingredient in marijuana’s psychoactive high. While most people know the immediate effects, understanding how it changes the brain over time is crucial. This article discusses the long-term effects of marijuana use, with a particular emphasis on the effects of THC on cognitive processes, memory, and emotional well-being. By clarifying these issues, we hope to better inform the public about the potential consequences of long-term marijuana use on brain health.
What Does THC Do to the Brain?
Cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2 are found in the brain’s endocannabinoid system. THC affects this network. Numerous CB1 receptors can be found throughout the brain, particularly in the memory-forming hippocampus, the decision-making prefrontal cortex, and the emotion-regulating amygdala. The normal functioning of these regions is altered when THC binds to CB1 receptors.
Memory loss is a prominent side effect of THC’s influence on the brain. The hippocampus is required for learning new information and forming new memories, but THC inhibits its function. Significant impairments in short-term memory can make it difficult to remember recent events and retain new information. Chronic THC use may also interfere with the formation of long-term memories.
Concentrating and finding answers to problems can be challenging when high on THC. The prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for executive functions, becomes less effective under the influence of THC. As a result, it may be more challenging to focus on a task at hand and make sound judgments.
Furthermore, THC can have various effects on psychological well-being. While some people may experience joy and peace, others may be predisposed to evil intent. Those already vulnerable to mental health issues may experience heightened anxiety, paranoia, and even psychosis when using THC.
What are the Effects of THC on the Brain?
The effects of THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) on the brain can be diverse and wide-ranging. When THC is consumed, it interacts with cannabinoid receptors in the brain, primarily CB1 receptors, resulting in various effects:
- Cognitive Impairment: THC can impair cognitive functions such as memory, attention, and decision-making. Short-term memory and learning abilities may be particularly affected.
- Alteration of Neurotransmitter Release: THC disrupts the regular release of neurotransmitters, including dopamine and serotonin, impacting mood, pleasure, and overall brain function.
- Psychiatric Effects: THC can potentially induce anxiety, paranoia, and even psychotic symptoms, especially in individuals predisposed to mental health disorders.
- Impaired Motor Skills: THC affects motor coordination, reaction time, and fine motor skills, impacting tasks requiring precision and coordination.
- Reward and Addiction: THC stimulates the brain’s reward system, leading to euphoria and reinforcing drug-seeking behavior. This can contribute to the potential for addiction or substance abuse.
- Altered Brain Development: THC use during adolescence, when the brain is still developing, may interfere with normal brain maturation and increase the risk of long-term cognitive and behavioral problems.
Skip To:
Learn More:
- Psychosis Weed, Weed Psychosis Signs & Symptoms
- How Long Does Marijuana Stay In Urine? Effective Weed Treatment
- Weed Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, Dangers & Marijuana Withdrawal Treatment
- How to Get High Without Weed? Explore the Ways to Get High Without Weed.
- How to Stop Smoking Weed Cold Turkey? Guide and Treatment
What Does THC Do to The Brain Facts
What is THC?
- THC is the primary psychoactive compound found in cannabis, producing the “high” effect.
- It interacts with the brain’s endocannabinoid system, affecting mood, memory, and perception.
Forms of THC
- Found in various cannabis products, including marijuana and hashish.
- Often consumed through smoking, vaping, edibles, oils, and tinctures.
Short-Term Effects
- Euphoria and relaxation.
- Altered perception of time and space.
- Increased appetite (“munchies”).
- Impaired memory and coordination.
Long-Term Effects
- Impaired cognitive function.
- Respiratory issues (from smoking).
- Potential for addiction and dependence.
- Negative impact on mental health for some individuals.
THC Withdrawal Symptoms
- Irritability and mood swings.
- Insomnia and sleep disturbances.
- Decreased appetite.
- Anxiety and restlessness.
- Headaches and nausea.
Legality
- THC is illegal in many countries, while some permit medical or recreational use.
Medical Use
- THC-based medications treat nausea, pain, and muscle spasms in some medical conditions.
Precautions
- Avoid THC use during pregnancy, as it may harm fetal development.
- Impairment of motor skills and cognition can pose risks, especially while driving.
Addiction and Dependence
- Some users may develop a psychological dependence on THC.
- Regular and heavy use may lead to withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
Get Your Life Back
Find Hope & Recovery. Get Safe Comfortable Detox, Addiction Rehab & Mental Health Dual Diagnosis High-Quality Care at the We Level Up Treatment Centers Network.
Hotline (877) 378-4154What Does THC Do to the Brain Statistics
Approximately 9–25% of chronic THC users experience withdrawal symptoms within 72 hours after stopping use. These symptoms can last for up to two weeks. Irritability, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, and loss of appetite are typical manifestations. The severity varies from person to person, and withdrawal symptoms may make it harder to maintain abstinence. It is crucial to seek professional support and counseling to manage withdrawal symptoms and increase the likelihood of a successful quit.
9% to 25%
About 9–25% of people who use THC regularly have withdrawal symptoms when they stop.
Source: CDC
55 Million
The number of American adults who currently use marijuana.
Source: NIDA
24%
The percentage of 12th-graders who have used marijuana in the past year.
Source: NIDA
Get Help. Get Better. Get Your Life Back.
Searching for Accredited Drug & Alcohol Rehab Centers Near You? Or Mental Health Support?
Even if you have failed previously, relapsed, or are in a difficult crisis, we stand ready to support you. Our trusted behavioral health specialists will not give up on you. Call us when you feel ready or want someone to speak to about therapy alternatives to change your life. Even if we cannot assist you, we will lead you wherever you can get support. There is no obligation. Call our hotline today.
FREE Addiction Hotline – Call 24/7THC Benefits for Brain
While it’s true that THC can have adverse effects on the brain, it’s also possible to have positive effects. Some neurological conditions may be treatable with THC due to its potential neuroprotective effects.
THC appears to have potential as a treatment for chronic pain. It can potentially activate cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system, thereby reducing pain and improving the quality of life for those with neuropathic pain or multiple sclerosis.
The potential anti-inflammatory effects of THC have also been studied. Inflammation has been linked to several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. THC has shown promise in preliminary research for its potential to mitigate neuroinflammation and thereby delay the onset or severity of these diseases.
Research on THC has also been conducted in the context of psychological disorders like PTSD and depression. Some studies have shown that THC’s effects on the endocannabinoid system, including facilitating emotional regulation, can alleviate symptoms associated with these diseases.
First-class Facilities & Amenities
World-class High-Quality Addiction & Mental Health Rehabilitation Treatment
Rehab Centers TourRenowned Addiction Centers. Serene Private Facilities. Inpatient rehab programs vary.
Addiction Helpline (877) 378-4154Proven recovery success experience, backed by a Team w/ History of:
15+
Years of Unified Experience
100s
5-Star Reviews Across Our Centers
10K
Recovery Success Stories Across Our Network
- Low Patient to Therapist Ratio
- Onsite Medical Detox Center
- Comprehensive Dual-Diagnosis Treatment
- Complimentary Family & Alumni Programs
- Coaching, Recovery & Personal Development Events
THC Long-term Brain Effects
Scientists are still looking into what THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) does to the brain over time. If you use THC-containing marijuana often or for a long time, there are a few possible long-term effects on the brain:
- Cognitive Function: Long-term marijuana use, especially when it starts in adolescence, has been linked to small changes in attention, memory, and the ability to solve problems. But scientists are still looking into how significant these effects are and how long they last.
- Structure of the brain: Some studies have shown that long-term marijuana use may change how the brain is built. Changes like these have been seen in parts of the brain like the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala, which help with memory, making decisions, and controlling emotions. But it is still unclear what these structural changes mean for patients and their long-term effects.
- Dependence and Addiction: Regular use of marijuana with THC can lead to a marijuana use disorder (addiction or dependence). This can make it hard to stop using, cause withdrawal symptoms when you stop, and make it more likely that you will develop a disorder related to using drugs.
- Mental Health: The relationship between THC and mental health is complicated, but long-term marijuana use, especially in people who are more likely to have psychiatric disorders, may increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and psychosis or make them worse.
World-class, Accredited, 5-Star Reviewed, Effective Addiction & Mental Health Programs. Complete Behavioral Health Inpatient Rehab, Detox plus Co-occuring Disorders Therapy.
CALL (877) 378-4154End the Addiction Pain. End the Emotional Rollercoaster. Get Your Life Back. Start Drug, Alcohol & Dual Diagnosis Mental Health Treatment Now. Get Free No-obligation Guidance by Substance Abuse Specialists Who Understand Addiction & Mental Health Recovery & Know How to Help.
Treatment Options for THC Addiction
Even though THC addiction is not as common as addiction to other drugs, some people may have trouble controlling how much cannabis they use and could benefit from treatment. Most of the time, behavioral interventions and supportive therapies treat people addicted to THC. Here are a few common ways to treat:
- Counseling and therapy: Individual, group, or behavioral therapy can help people deal with the problems that led them to use cannabis in the first place and learn ways to deal with cravings and triggers.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT): CBT is a standard therapy that helps people recognize and change negative thought patterns and behaviors linked to drug use.
- Motivational enhancement therapy (MET): MET is a type of goal-oriented counseling that aims to make people more committed and motivated to stop using cannabis.
- Support groups: Joining a support group like Marijuana Anonymous can help you feel like you’re part of a community and get help from people who have been through similar problems with cannabis addiction.
- Integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders: If a person is addicted to THC and has mental health problems simultaneously, he or she may need treatment that addresses both drug use and mental health problems.
- Residential or outpatient treatment programs: In more severe cases of cannabis addiction, people may need to go through residential or outpatient treatment programs. These programs offer a structured environment and a lot of help to help people get over their addiction.
Learning to avoid relapsing and making plans to deal with cravings and avoid triggers can be very important if you want to stay clean from cannabis for a long time.
Experience Transformative Recovery at the We Level Up Treatment Center.
See our authentic success stories. Get inspired. Get the help you deserve.
Start a New Life
Begin with a free call to an addiction & behavioral health treatment advisor. Learn more about our dual-diagnosis programs. The We Level Up treatment center network delivers various recovery programs at each treatment facility. Call to learn more.
- Personalized Care
- Caring Accountable Staff
- World-class Amenities
- Licensed & Accredited
- Renowned w/ 5-Star Reviews
We’ll Call You
Popular What Does THC Do to the Brain FAQs
-
How does THC affect the brain?
THC, or delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, is the primary psychoactive compound found in cannabis. When consumed, THC interacts with specific receptors in the brain known as cannabinoid receptors, primarily CB1 receptors. This interaction leads to various effects on the brain and central nervous system.
-
Does THC kill brain cells?
The notion that THC directly kills brain cells is a topic of ongoing research and debate. While evidence suggests that high doses of THC or chronic heavy cannabis use can have adverse effects on brain health, the idea that it directly causes the death of brain cells is not fully supported by current scientific understanding.
Studies have shown that THC and other cannabinoids can influence brain function and structure through various mechanisms, including the endocannabinoid system.
-
What are the THC Receptors in the Brain?
THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis, interacts with specific receptors in the brain and body. The primary receptors affected by THC are cannabinoid receptors, known as CB1 and CB2 receptors.
These receptors are part of the endocannabinoid system, a complex signaling network regulating various physiological processes.
How to Sober up Fast from Effects of THC on the Brain Informative Video
In this helpful video, we provide practical tips on how to sober up quickly after consuming THC. Discover practical strategies to reduce the psychoactive effects of cannabis, including hydration, fresh air, and light physical activity. Learn about potential remedies to alleviate discomfort and regain clarity, allowing you to navigate daily activities more comfortably. Everyone’s response to THC varies, so these tips can serve as general guidelines to promote a more comfortable experience.
Search What Does THC Do to the Brain? How Pot Affects Your Mind Detox & Mental Health Topics & Resources
Sources
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) – Marijuana: https://www.drugabuse.gov/drug-topics/marijuana Learn More; What Does THC Do to the Brain?
- National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) – Drugs and Human Performance Fact Sheets: https://www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.dot.gov/files/documents/812440-drugsandhumanperformancefactshheet.pdf Learn More; What Does THC Do to the Brain?
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Marijuana and Public Health: https://www.cdc.gov/marijuana/index.htm Learn More; What Does THC Do to the Brain?
- National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) – Marijuana Overview: https://www.ncsl.org/research/civil-and-criminal-justice/marijuana-overview.aspx Learn More; What Does THC Do to the Brain?
- National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) – State Laws: https://norml.org/states